| 引用本文: | 刘中建,周明,李昭辉,武昭原,李庚银.高比例新能源电力系统的惯量控制技术与惯量需求评估综述[J].电力自动化设备,2021,41(12): |
| LIU Zhongjian,ZHOU Ming,LI Zhaohui,WU Zhaoyuan,LI Gengyin.Review of inertia control technology and requirement evaluation in renewable-dominant power system[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2021,41(12): |
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| 摘要: |
| 电力行业低碳发展的要求催生了以风光为代表的新能源发电的快速发展。风光发电通过逆变器并网，不具有同步发电机的惯性，导致高比例风光发电的接入降低了系统的惯量水平，且其出力的大幅波动和不确定性，都给系统频率安全带来了新问题。为此，对高比例新能源电力系统的惯量控制技术和惯量需求评估问题开展综述研究。从惯量的定义出发，分析惯量与频率变化的关系，明确了惯性响应与频率响应的区别及联系。针对基于逆变器并网的虚拟惯量技术，按照控制模型的外特性进行区分，给出了虚拟同步机的控制原理，并总结了虚拟同步发电机技术在风电与光伏方面的应用。高比例新能源的接入从系统层面对惯量水平及分布提出了新需求，因此，选取澳大利亚、爱尔兰与北美地区3个代表性地区的电力系统惯量需求评价指标及评估方法进行了对比。最后，从发展虚拟惯量技术、提出惯量需求评估指标及标准、提高惯量监测能力、合理配置惯性装置以及将惯性服务市场化这5个方面对我国新能源电力系统惯量问题提出了建议。 |
| 关键词: 低碳 高比例新能源电力系统 惯性 频率安全 虚拟惯量 惯量需求 惯性服务 |
| DOI：10.16081/j.epae.202107030 |
| 分类号:TM712 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1866204) |
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| Review of inertia control technology and requirement evaluation in renewable-dominant power system |
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LIU Zhongjian, ZHOU Ming, LI Zhaohui, WU Zhaoyuan, LI Gengyin
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State Key Laboratory for Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
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| Abstract: |
| The low-carbon transition of power industry stimulates the development of renewable energy represen-ted by wind and solar power. Due to the application of grid-connected inverters, wind and solar generators cannot provide inertia as traditional synchronous generators, which results in a reduction in the inertia of power system. Considering the fluctuation and uncertainty of renewable energy, new problems arise in system frequency security. For this reason, a review of inertia control and inertia requirement evaluation in renewable-dominated power system is conducted. The relationship between inertia and frequency variation is analyzed according to the definition of inertia. At same time, the difference and relationship between inertia response and frequency response are clarified. Then, regarding the virtual inertia technology, the classification is provided according to the external characteristics of the control model. The control principle of VSG(Virtual Synchronous Generator) is introduced, and its application in wind and solar generators is summarized. The integration of large-scale renewable energy results in new requirements on the amount and distribution of inertia at the system level. Therefore, the inertia requirement evaluation indicators and approaches in three representative regions of Australia, Ireland and North America are compared. Finally, the corresponding suggestions to the inertia issues of the power system in China are made from five aspects: developing virtual inertia technology, proposing inertia evaluation indicators, improving inertia monitoring capabilities, configuring devices that can provide inertia, and promoting the marketization of inertia services. |
| Key words: low-carbon renewable-dominant power system inertia frequency security virtual inertia inertia requirements inertia service |
